American Revolution Essay - 2942 Words

The American War for Independence: Sea Power, Joint and Combined Operations: Question 7. Given the overwhelming British victories in New York and New Jersey in 1776, how was General Washington able to avoid catastrophic defeat and eventually win the war? By Julie Moss A paper submitted to the Faculty of the Naval War College in partial satisfaction of the requirements of the Department of Strategy and War. The contents of this paper reflect my own personal views and are not necessarily endorsed by the Naval War College or the Department of the Navy. Signature: /JKM/ BACKGROUND Following the French-Indian War, The American Revolution began between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the former British colonies in North†¦show more content†¦The British army, led by General William Howe, retreated to Halifax, Canada, and Washingtons army moved to New York City in anticipation of a British offensive there. â€Å"On August 27, 1776, British forces under a far more experienced military professional, General Sir William Howe, had soundly drubbed the American army in the Battle of Long Island and were now poised to finish it off. The Continental Army was outnumbered and had their backs to the East River and the British in front of them; it appeared the Americans were doomed. If Washington lost his army, it could mean the end of the Revolution.† (Myers 1) Indeed, General George Washington was defeated in the Long Island War, but Washington and the last of the rear guard were aboard the boats and sailing to safety. This paper will explor e the strategy that General Washington employed to avoid catastrophic defeat and eventually win the war. Clausewitz, in his classic On War, claims that war is a trinity made up of the people, the commander and his army, and the government. He tells us, â€Å"The passions that are kindled in war must already be inherent in the people.† (Howard and Paret 89) One of the principal war goals set for General Washington by the Continental Congress was for the rebellious colonies to become not only independent but accepted as a state by other powers. THE BRITISH WIN KEY BATTLES The war started out so well,Show MoreRelatedThe American Revolution : The Revolution1367 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution Revolutionizes the World It was the first revolution to majorly succeed and change how people saw their countries, it was the American Revolution. The American Revolution was the first successful revolution against a European empire that provided a model for many other colonial peoples who realized that they too could break away and become self-governing nations (New world Encyclopedia, 1).The American Revolution was vital to history because ideas seen by other countries startedRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution999 Words   |  4 PagesBetween 1770 and 1776, resistance to imperial change turned into a full-on revolution. The American Revolution, also known as the Revolutionary War, was a time of revolting and political uprising, in which the 13 colonies separated from the British Empire, forming the independent nation known as the United States of America. Though the American Revolution began because the colonies wanted independence from Britain, many important historical events and revolts also lead to the tensions and resistanceRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1362 Words   |  6 PagesEvery 4th of July, Americans are told the story of the American Revolution. We remember the oppressed colonists fighting against the tyrannical King George III and the formidable red coats. Patriotic heroes are remembered, evil kings are cursed, and the liberties and freedoms won from the war are celebrated. Though America often likes to look back to the revolution, the question of just how much a revolution was the American Revolution is rarely asked. While the American revolution was not as radicalRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution1582 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The revolution was effected before the war commenced. The revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people.† - John Adams, 1818 This quote means that the revolution actually took place metaphorically before the actually fighting began. It took place in the emotions and thoughts of the Americans. The Road to Revolution After the Seven Years’ War created a financial problem for Britain The British tried to shoulder some of the financial responsibilities onto the Americas in the form of variousRead MoreThe Revolution Of The American Revolution850 Words   |  4 PagesIn regards to the American Revolution, the point that armed rebellion became inevitable arrived when after nearly five constant years of American colonist protesting. American s had enough and needed to take a stand for the numerous inequalities they were forced to deal with. It was foreseeable that the American Revolution took place due to the unfair taxes that the British were giving Americans. Also, England was not allowing Americans their freedom, along with violence and the political dominanceRead MoreThe American Revolution877 Words   |  4 Pagespeople believe the American Revolution is strictly liberal, in truth it is conservative evidenced by the new British policies, colonial reactions and the examinations of what it means to be conservative vs. liberal. The American Revolution was triggered, by many laws that were passed between 1763 and 1775 that controlled trade and taxes. This legislation caused pressure between colonists and imperial officers, who had made it clear that the British Parliament would not address American complaints relatingRead MoreThe American Revolution871 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Revolution was the struggle by which thirteen colonies won independence from Great Britain, to become what we now know as The United States of America. The American Revolution came about primarily because the colonists had matured. Their interests and goals were so different and distant from those of the mother country. Local politics, practices, social customs, religious beliefs, and economic interests had gone so far from the English ways. The American Revolution had a tremendous impactRead MoreThe American Revolution1543 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Revolution was one of the most important battles in history. It led to the Declaration of Independence and the freedom of America from the British. No one can really say what the exact cause of the Revolution was, but there were many important social, cultural, political and economic causes that led up to the war. I believe one of the main economic reasons the Americans wanted to become free from the British and start the Revolution, was because of all the taxes the British imposedRead MoreThe American Revolution Essay1458 Words   |  6 Pageshistorians might argue that the American Revolution was not so revolutionary in its nature, there is no denying the lasting effects that it has had not only on the continent, but the world. Through an analysis of documents from this period and the social, political, and economic changes that occurred in the colonies, it is clear that the colonial governmental system was radically changed during this time period. The political ideas that emerged from this revolution have shaped modern democratic governmentsRead MoreThe American Revolution1313 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution has provided no shortage of patriotic and romanticized images and ideals for the general public throughout history. Indeed, to this very day, Americans hark back to this ‘glorious achievement’ with pride and use it as fuel for everything from selling jeans (Levi/Strauss) to the creation of video games (Assassin’s Creed.) But the question has remained, for all the hoopla and â€Å"remembrance† that surrounds this period in western history – was this revolution justified? As the

Role of Women in India Freedom - 5428 Words

INTRODUCTION We record our homage and deep admiration for the Womanhood of India who in the hour of peril for the motherland forsook the shelter of their homes and with unfailing courage and endurance stood shoulder to shoulder with their menfolk, in the frontline of India’s national army to share with them the sacrifices and triumphs of the struggle†. From a Resolution passed on January 26, 1931. When the history of Indias fight for Independence comes to be written, the sacrifice made by the women of India will occupy the foremost place - Mahatma GandhiJawaharlal Nehru had remarked, when most of the men-folk were in prison then a remarkable thing happened. Our women came forward and took charge of the struggle. Women had always been†¦show more content†¦His response to her fiery speech brought into her life the impact of a visionary who saw in her oratory and brilliance a leader of the future. The period from 1917 to 1919 was the most dynamic phase of Sarojinis career. During this time, she campaigned for the Montagu Chelmsford Reforms, the Khilafat issue, the draconian Rowlett Act and the Satyagraha. When Gandhi launched the Civil Disobedience Movement ,she proved a faithful lieutenant. With great courage she quelled the rioters, sold proscribed literature, addressed frenzied meetings on the carnage at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar.In 1930 when Mahatma Gandhi chose her to lead the Salt Satyagraha the stories of her courage became legion. After Gandhis arrest she had prepared 2,000 volunteers under the scorching sun to raid the Dahrsana Salt Works, while the police faced them half a mile up the road with rifle, lathis (canes) are steel tipped clubs. The volunteers wildly cheered when she shook off the arm of the British police officer who came to arrest her and marched proudly to the barbed wire stockade where she was interned before being imprisoned. Freedom struggle was in full force and she came under the influence of Gopalakrishna Gokhale and Gandhi. Gokhale advised her to spare all her energy and talents for nations cause. She gave up writing poetry and fully devoted herself to emancipation of women, education, Hindu-Muslim unity etc. She became a follower ofShow MoreRelatedSexual Harassment in the Workplace in India801 Words   |  3 PagesBeneath the glitz of ‘India Shining’, lies another India- a country that tragically incorporates widespread interpersonal sexual harassment in the workplace. A woman is the mother of the race and the future of all generations. Women constitute one half of the humanity and they are the pivots around which the family moves. She’s looked upon as the nourisher, provider, counselor, developer, and the sharer of all the joys and surrounds of the family. 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Freedom is a topic that pertains to both Two Sisters and Married Life, the contrast when it comes to freedom differ one storyRead MoreWomens Role in Hinduism Essays872 Words   |  4 PagesWomen and their role in Hinduism An often controversial issue within politics is how woman are viewed and treated in the Hindu religion. The role of woman in Hinduism is often disputed and positions range from quite reasonable to highly antagonistic. An often overlooked aspect is that, Hinduism is more of a way of life then a Religion. This is because Hinduism requires that we see the same reality in all the diversity of creation; that we see the same Self in all beings. Hindu women within thisRead MoreStatus of Woman in Indian Society1230 Words   |  5 PagesSTATUS OF WOMEN IN THE PAST TO THE PRESENT Ancient India:- In ancient India, the women enjoyed equal status with men in all fields of life. 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Chapter by Chapter Summary of Fight Club free essay sample

As the novel begins we find  Tyler Durden  holding a gun inside the  Narrators mouth. Tyler tells the Narrator that the first step toward eternal life is death. The Narrator mentions that he and Tyler used to be friends and that people were always asking him about Tyler. Tyler assures the Narrator that they wont really die, but that they will become legends. 2. The Narrator reveals that the building they are standing on, the Parker-Morris building, will be demolished in ten minutes. A bomb has been set to knock the building down. In the building, in the one hundred ninety-one floors, the  Space Monkeys  in the Mischief Committee of Project Mayhem are throwing file cabinets and furniture out the windows. 3. Now, the Narrator says, there are nine minutes left. He details numerous ways to make home explosives. When the bombs detonate the building will topple onto a national museum, which is Tylers true target. The Narrator states the entire situation is really about  Marla Singer. He wants to be with Tyler, Tyler wants to be with Marla, Marla wants to be with the Narrator. This creates an awkward triangle. The Narrator tells Tyler that if he wants to be a legend, hell make him a legend. He remembers everything. 4. Chapter 2 moves the narrative to another location entirely. It is not initially revealed where this chapter is set. The Narrator tells us about Bob, a former bodybuilder. Bob holds the Narrator in a tight embrace. The Narrator tells us that Bob has unnaturally large breasts and finely parted blonde hair. Bob cries as he holds the Narrator and then encourages the Narrator to cry as well. The Narrator reveals that Bob is crying because six months prior, his testicles were removed and he began hormone support therapy. The testosterone ration was too high and his body raised the estrogen to seek a balance. This led to his development of breasts. 5. The Narrator says that this is when he cries, when Bob asks him to. It allows him to lose himself in his despair, he says. He also reveals that Bob loves him because Bob thinks that the Narrators testicles were removed too. This is because the two are at a testicular support group called Remaining Men Together. Around them twenty other men are locked in embrace, crying about their lot in life. There is also one woman there: Marla Singer. 6. Like the Narrator, Marla Singer does not have testicular cancer. The Narrator reveals that he has been seeing Marla at the other support groups he has been crashing. She is faking these conditions just as he is. With Marla watching, the Narrator cant bring himself to cry. He has to cry in order to sleep. 7. Moving back further in time, the Narrator says that he first began attending the groups two years ago after consulting a doctor about his insomnia. He hopes that the doctor can give him some medication to help him sleep but instead the doctor tells him to get more exercise and chew Valerian root. The doctor tells him that if he wants to see real pain, he should attend these support group meetings and see the people dying of cancer or stricken with parasites. The Narrator takes up his suggestion. 8. He meets a woman named  Chloe  who has brain parasites. The Narrator describes her as a skeleton dipped in yellow wax. She tells him that the saddest thing about her predicament is that no one would have sex with her. She tries to seduce him, but the Narrator is not aroused. The group then moved to guided meditation. Each participant is encouraged to enter their cave and find their power animal. The Narrators power animal, he discovers, is a penguin. Then the group members embraced, but the Narrator did not cry then. He didnt cry until he met Bob. 9. Bob was a bodybuilder who destroyed his body with anabolic steroids. After multiple divorces he was diagnosed with testicular cancer. Then he went bankrupt. It was at their first meeting, while Bob was holding the Narrator, that he was able to cry. As a result, he could also finally sleep. This was freedom, he says, Losing all hope was freedom. 10. Now that Marla has been attending the meetings, the Narrator cannot cry. He has gone for three weeks without a good nights sleep. He decides that when he next sees Marla Singer, hes going to confront her for the liar and faker that she is and tell her to leave. This is the one real thing in my life, and youre wrecking it. 11. Chapter 3 introduces a sort of montage sequence in which the Narrator is flying around the country, waking up as he lands at various airports. The Narrator states that every time the plane banked he prayed for it to crash. He works as a recall coordinator for the auto industry. His job is to fly around the country surveying car crashes involving his companys cars. His job is to apply a formula to determine if the company should instate a recall or simply prepare to pay out of court settlements in the event of any lawsuits. Whichever the cheaper option happens to be, that is what his company will do. 12. The Narrator begins to talk about Tyler Durden. Tyler worked night jobs and only night jobs. As a projectionist at old movie theaters, he worked to cue the changeover from one reel to another at the right moment in the film. While working this job, Tyler splices frames of pornographic films into the reels of newly released family films. For a fraction of a second during the film, a close-up of an erection flashes across the screen. Tyler also works as a banquet waiter at a downtown hotel. 13. The Narrator, tired of his job, decides to go on vacation, where he visits a nude beach. There, he meets Tyler Durden. Tyler, naked and covered in gritty sand, pulls driftwood logs out of the sea and drags them to the beach. He constructs a sculpture out of them that casts a shadow in the shape of a human hand. The Narrator watches him do this. When its finished, Tyler asks the Narrator what time it is, so that he can know at what time the shadow from the sun is just right. As Tyler goes to leave the Narrator asks him if he is an artist. Tyler gives him his phone number. 14. Chapter 4 returns to the support group meetings. The Narrator says that the last time he was at the meeting Chloe announced that she no longer had any fear of death. As he arrives tonight, the Narrator learns that Chloe has died. The Narrator says he should feel something at hearing this news, some sort of release. But because Marla is there, watching him, he cant. During guided meditation, the Narrator only finds Marla in the cave of his power animal. Marla just smokes her cigarette in the cave. 5. After meditation, the Narrator moves to Marla for the part of the meeting where individuals embrace. He picks her. He confronts her about being a faker. She simply replies that hes a faker too, and that if he wants to expose her, shell expose him as well. The Narrator proposes that they split the weeks meetings up so that they never have to see each other at them. Marla refuses. She wants all the meetings. She tells him that she used to work at a funeral home. She wont go back to how her life used to be. The Narrator tells her hes been coming to these meeting for two years. She relents and says he can have the testicular cancer support group meetings. This, the Narrator intones, is how I met Marla Singer. 16. Analysis 17. The novel begins  in media res, with a high-energy moment, thrusting us into a situation we know little about. The nameless Narrator is apparently poised to die at the hands of Tyler Durden, who he says is someone who he used to be friends with. The building they are standing on is about to be demolished. The Narrator reveals that the central conflict between he and Tyler all has to do with Marla Singer. The three of them are involved in an awkward love triangle. The Narrator then moves into telling us about the events that led up to this. 18. As we meet him, the Narrator seems to be a miserable, lonely person. He attends support group meetings to feel some connection with other people. These people, all facing or having faced terrible life-threatening or life-altering diseases and conditions, are the only people he feels he can really relate to. He is numb inside, his life devoid of meaning or direction. 19. As the Narrator begins to discuss his job, he states that he wishes he would die while he is flying around the country, assessing car crashes for his company. However, it is difficult to believe he is entirely sincere in his suicidal thoughts, due to the passivity of his chosen method of possible suicide. 20. Consider the implications of the Narrators job. He is essentially employed to apply his companys bottom line against the potential cost of human lives. The job is undoubtedly depressing and morally questionable. This dehumanizing practice is echoed in Palahniuks overall critique of a consumer-driven society that promises things it cannot deliver but is also revisited in Tylers implementation of Project Mayhem. Consider this contrast in particular in light of Big Bobs death later in the novel and how it is regarded by the other members. 21. The Narrators pattern of self-pity is evident again when he visits a doctor about his insomnia. He wants the doctor to give him pills to help him sleep. The doctor gives him sound advice, stressing that he should find out what the problem is that is causing his insomnia and pay attention to that. Instead the Narrator hopes for a temporary pharmaceutical solution to his problems. The doctor tells him that he should attend a support group meeting and see people dealing with real pain and real problems. Instead of appreciating the analogy and realizing that he is still healthy enough to change his life and isnt dying of a terrible disease, the Narrator becomes addicted to the meetings, further wallowing in self-pity and misery. 22. He begins attending one meeting every night of the week for two years, suggesting a highly compulsive nature. During these meetings he can allow himself to embrace his feelings enough to make him cry. Crying allows him to feel accepted, if not by society as a whole, then at least by those around him in the meeting. He can sleep again. Regardless, his life does not change fundamentally. The Narrator makes no mention of seeking a new job to replace the one he hates. He doesnt seek out anything to make him happy. His behavior is apathetic, even cowardly. When Marla Singer arrives, ruining his ability to cry freely, he despises her for exposing him to the truth of his deception. 23. Marla is guilty of the same fakery that he is, but she has the fortitude to at least give her real name when she goes to the meetings. The Narrator never gives his real name. He admits that hes been going to the meetings for so long anyone who might have suspected he was faking has already died. In Marla he sees his lie reflected back at him. He decides to confront her and tells her that he will expose her. He judges her behavior even though it is the same as his. She does not judge him or confront him. Marla accepts who she is and her situation. She may not like it but she doesnt complain. Despite their differences, the two of them are looking for the same thing from the meetings: meaningful contact. 24. Consider the implications of the Narrators deception of the members of the support groups as the novel progresses. Even though the Narrator is searching for human contact, he is also exploiting the members of these groups to earn a certain status. Though that status is largely more about acceptance, it is no less a manipulation. Compare and contrast this with Tyler Durdens interactions with the Narrator and members of fight club as the novel progresses. 25. The Narrator goes on vacation and visits a nude beach, where he meets Tyler. While the Narrator does not make any sort of obvious statements about physical attraction to Tyler, this scene has undeniable homoerotic overtones. The two men meet on a nude beach, both naked, and exchange contact information. While a sexual relationship may not be what the Narrator is seeking from Tyler, there is the sense that he admires him and wants to become better acquainted with him. As Chapter 4 ends, the Narrator has met a man to whom he is attracted and a woman he claims he detests. Keep this in mind in particular as both men discuss the roles that their fathers did (or did not) play in their lives. The Narrator seems to be striving for the acceptance of a father figure in his life. Tyler comes to be that figure. 26. Some scholars have also taken particular interest in the passage in which Tyler Durden splices pornography nto family films. Krister Friday, for example, asserts that Tylers subliminal insertion of an erection into family films is itself an assertion of masculine prowess in an otherwise emasculated world or medium. This use of the image of an erection as a means of protest can be seen as a strike against the concept of a weakening masculine identity in contemporary society. That this image is meant to shock or disturb also suggests that Tyler Durdens view is that masculinity itself has become something to be marginalized and forgotten, replaced with a dynamic that some scholars see more akin to the feminine. This view also suggests that Tylers philosophy has misogynistic tendencies, blaming a generation of women for raising their sons to be less than men. 27. Chapter 5 begins with the  Narrator  talking to a security task force officer at the airport. The officer tells the Narrator that the suitcase he checked at Dulles Airport had to be removed from his flight because it was vibrating. The Narrator says he had everything in that suitcase: His shirts, pants, shoes and ties. Usually, the security task force officer says, the vibration is an electric razor. Sometimes, however, it is a vibrator. His suitcase was inspected by the bomb squad on an abandoned runway. The Narrators electric razor was the culprit. 28. 29. The Narrator leaves the airport in a cab, spending his last ten dollars to get home. When he arrives at his condominium building he finds that his unit has exploded, leaving a gaping hole where all his belongings used to be. He has no idea how this happened. The Narrator mourns over the loss of his designer furniture. Something had blasted my clever Njurunda coffee tables in the shape of a lime green yin and an orange yang that fit together to make a circle. He goes through laundry list of all the designer items that used to populate his condominium. The people I know who used to sit in the bathroom with pornography, now they sit in the bathroom with their IKEA furniture catalogue. 30. The doorman tells the Narrator that the police were there, asking a lot of questions. They believe the gas might have been left on, filling the unit until the compressor on the refrigerator turned on and ignited the gas. The doorman tells the Narrator that it isnt worth going up to his floor because nothing is left. The Narrator goes to the lobby and uses the phone to call Tyler. Oh Tyler, please deliver me from clever furniture, he intones to himself. Tyler answers the phone and agrees to meet the Narrator at a bar. 31. The two men drink a good deal of beer and Tyler tells the Narrator that he can move in with him. His suitcase would arrive the next day. Both drunk, Tyler asks the Narrator to do him a favor. The Narrator asks what it is and Tyler responds, I want you to hit me as hard as you can. 32. In Chapter 6, the Narrator is at work seated in a conference room for a demonstration his company is making to Microsoft. The presentation is the Narrators, but his boss is making the presentation because the Narrator has a black eye and stitches in the side of his face that are coming loose. He sits in the meeting swallowing blood. The Narrator states that tomorrow night is fight club, and that he is not going to miss fight club. Throughout the chapter, the Narrator lists the rules of fight club. They are: 33. 1. You do not talk about fight club. 34. 2. You do not talk about fight club. 35. 3. When someone says stop or goes limp, the fight is over. 36. 4. Only two guys to a fight. 37. 5. No shirts or shoes are to be worn. 38. 6. Fights go on as long as they have to. 39. 7. If it is your first night at fight club, you have to fight. 40. Now that fight club is in his life, the Narrator says, everything else has fallen to the side. Nothing seems to upset him anymore. He no longer feels the need to go to the gym in order to look like a male model. Fight club has become the reason for him to go to the gym, trim his nails, and keep his hair short. Fight club, he explains, is not about winning or losing. The Narrator describes a feeling more akin to spiritual salvation. His narrative flashes back to his first fight with Tyler at the bar. After their fight, the Narrator asks Tyler what he was really fighting. Tyler answers that he was fighting his father. Now, fight club meets every Saturday night in the basement of a bar where Tyler lays out the rules. Most of the men in fight club, he explains, are there because they are too afraid to fight something else in their lives. After a few fights, the fear dissipates quickly. 41. The Narrator discusses how neither he nor Tyler had strong father figures in their lives. The Narrators father left when he was six years old. He would speak to him on the phone roughly once a year. He refers to himself as a member of a generation of men raised by women. 42. The Narrator spots Walter from Microsoft looking at him during the meeting. He describes Walter as a young guy with perfect skin and teeth the the kind of job youd write the alumni magazine about. The Narrator stares at him with blood shining on his lips and a bruise that takes up half his face. 43. Chapter 7 44. Chapter 7 begins to detail the Narrators new home life, living with Tyler. The Narrator explains that the house that he shares with Tyler is a large 7-bedroom, three floor home that is awaiting a zoning change or a will to come out of probate before it is torn down. It is falling apart and every time it rains the fuses in the basement have to be pulled so no one gets electrocuted. There are old stacks of magazines in the basement that were left by a previous owner. In one of the oldest of the magazines, the Narrator finds a series of articles where organs of the human body talk about themselves in the first person. I am Jacks heart, for example. The house, on Paper Street, is completely isolated. Tyler and the Narrator are alone for a half mile in every direction. 45. One morning, in the house that the Narrator occupies with Tyler, the Narrator finds a used condom floating in the toilet. The Narrator mentions that he was having vivid sex dreams the night before. In these dreams he was having sex with  Marla Singer. He meets Tyler in the kitchen. Tyler is covered in hickies and says that he met Marla Singer and they had sex. 46. The Narrator explains that the night before, he called Marla to see if he could attend a support group without her being there. Marla answers and tells the Narrator that she has taken too many Xanax pills. She sarcastically claims that it isnt a real suicide attempt, just a cry for help. She invites him to come over to watch her die. The Narrator says no and goes to the support group. Tyler came home from his banquet waiter job as Marla called to say she was close to death. In the Narrators opinion, Marla isnt worth saving, but Tyler doesnt know her and races to her room at the Regent Hotel to save her. He also calls the police, who arrive just after he does. Tyler gets Marla out of the hotel unnoticed as Marla tells the police that the girl who lives in her room has no faith in herself. He brings her back to the house on Paper Street. She cant fall asleep or she might not wake up. She tells Tyler he has to keep her up all night. 47. The Narrator is upset to hear all of this from Tyler, but doesnt tell him so. He is intensely jealous of the fact that Marla now has Tylers attention instead of him. Marla drove him from the support groups. Now she has invaded his home and taken Tyler too. 48. As Chapter 8 opens, the Narrators boss sends him home because of all the dried blood on his pants. He has been spending his time at work writing haiku poems and faxing them to everyone. Every night he now comes home to hear Tyler and Marla having sex. Still, he claims he never sees them together. Tyler is never around when Marla is. 49. To wash the blood-stained pants, the Narrator needs soap. Tyler shows him how to make it. He tells the Narrator to get rid of Marla, to tell Marla to go out and buy a can of lye. The Narrator compares this to being six-years-old again, passing messages between his parents. Marla is in the kitchen burning the inside of her arm with the end of a clove cigarette. He cleans her up and gives Marla ten dollars and his bus pass. She shows him a bridesmaids dress she bought at a thrift store. He puts her shoes on her feet and she tries to bond a little with him. The Narrator is distant. I cant win with you, can I? she says before setting out for the store. 50. A few seconds after Marla leaves, Tyler appears as if out of nowhere. He says they need to render fat to make soap. He pulls a few Ziploc bags out of the freezer, each containing lumps of fat. He places these lumps in boiling water and tells the Narrator to stir the water while the fat dissolves, skimming off the top layer of tallow and setting it aside. They begin to discuss Marla. Tyler responds that at least she is trying to hit rock bottom. Tyler tells him that he has much farther to go. The Narrator does not respond but continues to stir and skim. 51. Marla returns from the store. Tyler has disappeared like magic. She hands over the lye, asking what it is that the Narrator is making. The Narrator asks her to leave, abruptly. She gives him a kiss on the cheek and tells him to call her. As soon as she is gone, Tyler reappears. He asks the Narrator to do him another favor: never talk to Marla about him. He makes the Narrator promise three times. The tallow in the fridge is beginning to separate into layers. The clear layer on top is glycerin. 52. Tyler takes the Narrators hand in his. He licks his own lips and kisses the Narrators hand. Tyler takes the can of lye and pries the lid off before pouring the lye onto the Narrators hand, giving him a chemical burn in the shape of a kiss. 53. Analysis 54. As the Narrator returns from his business trip he literally returns empty-handed. With his condominium completely destroyed, his suitcase now contains the only belongings he still has. He has lost all of the clever furniture he spent so much time amassing. While he laments the loss of these individual pieces, he is also completely aware of how little they actually give his life meaning or to make him happy. They have become a goal unto themselves, a means to demonstrate ones status and overall sense of worth . As he calls Tyler he hopes to be delivered from this perfect life which is anything but. From afar he seems like a successful young professional. He has a condominium full of designer furniture, he lives alone, is self-sufficient, and has a well-paying job to sustain this life. However, it is undeniable that he is isolated, alone, and unhappy about the life he has. 5. Tyler, on the other hand, seems completely free of these sort of concerns. He is not mired in a material existence. When he and the Narrator meet on the beach, Tyler assembles a piece of art for no other purpose than to create. In Tyler, the Narrator sees a freedom to life that he has never enjoyed as an adult. After finding his condominium in ruins, he calls Tyler instead of calling Marla. The fact that he seems to only have these two options for people to call indicates that there are no other people in his life. 56. Palahniuk introduces Tyler immediately after introducing Marla. The two characters are purposely juxtaposed to present two potential paths. Marla comes across as dark and nihilistic while Tyler seems to brim with life and possibility. Consider these characterizations as the novel progresses and how they change. Palahniuk also invokes religious language in the Narrators plea to Tyler. Lines like Deliver me, Tyler, from being perfect and complete (p. 46) and the phone rang and Tyler  answered (p. 45) invoke Tyler as a messianic savior figure. Palahniuk uses religious language throughout the novel, returning to the notion of salvation when describing how the Narrator feels at fight club. Later chapters will visit notions of Tyler as a father figure and God. 57. After meeting Tyler in a bar we see the genesis of fight club. Tyler asks the Narrator to him as hard as he can and they have their first fight. As we catch up with the Narrator in Chapter 6 we can see the results of that fight. The Narrators appearance is bad enough that his boss decides to deliver the presentation to Microsoft personally instead of letting the Narrator do it. 58. With fight club in his life, the emptiness now seems to be filled. In fact, fight club has become the most important thing in his life. He has no interest in the presentation or his job as he sits in the meeting. All he can think of is the next meeting of fight club. He is no longer concerned with his job or obsessing over his physical appearance. He does not feel the compulsion to fit in time at the gym to look more masculine. Fight club provides him with the means to reconnect with himself. As the Narrator states, it isnt about winning or losing. The men at fight club are destroying the old ideas of who they are to strip away all the unnecessary parts that have accrued. Only through this figurative (and partially physical) self-destruction do they feel they can actually discover who they are, and what they are really capable of. Tyler explains that each of the men in fight club is afraid of something in their lives that they want to fight. Fight club helps them lose that fear. 59. The Narrator locks eyes with Walter, a Microsoft representative, who he describes as having soft, clear skin and perfect teeth. Walter represents everything that the Narrator used to pine after: a complete life. The Narrator sits in the dark, blood pooling in his mouth, and his gaze meets Walters. Although the Narrator makes assumptions about the kind of life Walter lives, there is the implication that he is right and that he can see right through Walter. Even more important is that Walter is also aware of this. Up until now, he has always been the impressive one. The Narrators gaze transmits two pieces of information to Walter: he is not impressed and that he almost feels sorry for Walter. 60. Tyler and the Narrator also discuss their fathers. This is a theme that the novel returns to several times. Both men feel abandoned and neglected by their fathers, individuals who they feel had little interest in them as children. Tyler states openly that the thing he is really fighting is his father. Because of the lack of father figures in their lives, Tyler states that he and the Narrator are members of a generation raised by women. As such, they have little sense of their identities as men. Their existence has always been in relation to women, and not themselves. Their fathers were their only models for adult males. Because their fathers failed them, Tyler advocates the destruction of their memory. Only by shedding that model can they improve upon and be better than their fathers. 61. Chapter 7 allows us to see the home life that the Narrator and Tyler now share. The Narrators worlds collide when he discovers that Marla and Tyler have met and are regular sex partners. The Narrators jealousy towards Marla suggests a homoerotic fixation on Tyler. It is debatable whether the Narrator seeks to replace Marla and take her place. Palahniuk never states openly that the Narrator seeks a physical relationship with Tyler. It is possible that these overtones are there to suggest a greater complexity to male relationships than most heterosexual men would normally acknowledge. 62. Marlas own issues also become apparent in this chapter. Driven by her loneliness and possibly by the loss of the Narrators presence in her life, she turns to suicide. She calls the Narrator so that at least someone can hear her pass, to know that she ever existed. Instead, Tyler answers the phone and rushes to prevent her death. When the Narrator hears of this, he is disgusted. Although we dont learn a great deal about Marla in the novel, her actions suggest that the connection she made with the Narrator, however awkward and brief, was meaningful to her. Although she is far from stable, she did find common ground with the Narrator. They were both behaving in the same reprehensible manner, but this allowed her to feel a kind of acceptance from him. She too seems to have no one in her life to turn to. So she contacts the Narrator to let him know that she is essentially giving up. Marla reminds the Narrator too much of himself and how he behaved while in the support groups. His presence at them was a lie, and Marla only reflected that back to him. Getting away from her allowed him to distance himself from his own issues as well. With her now back in the picture, he is upset that he has to deal with them again. Worse yet, Tyler is no longer paying attention to him. 3. Chapter 8 finds the Narrators tension with his boss beginning to escalate. His boss sends him home because of his appearance and the blood stains on his clothes. He is overjoyed that he can leave work early. To wash his clothes, he will need soap. He needs Tyler to show him how to make some. In order to make some, Tyler will need lye. He tells the Narrator to instruct Marla to go and buy flakes of lye. This sets up an interesting scene in which the Narrator demonstrates some warmth toward Marla. 64. Marla is in the kitchen burning herself with the end of a clove cigarette, quoting some of Tylers philosophy as she does. The Narrator takes the cigarette from her and washes the burns on her arm with a rag before putting her feet in shoes and sending her off. Although the Narrators intention is to get Marla out the door, he does so lovingly, suggesting that he does have feelings for her. 65. Tyler also understands the threat that his relationship with Marla poses to his relationship with the Narrator. He asks the Narrator to promise never to speak to Marla about him. Although the full reasons for this are not entirely clear at this point in the novel, this is an important scene to remember. Tyler wants Marla to know as little about him as possible and he doesnt want for her and the Narrator to get too closely acquainted. 66. Chapter 8 ends with Tyler applying a chemical burn to the Narrators hand. At first this may seem like he is punishing the Narrator and asserting his dominance over him. Although this is not a misguided interpretation, Tylers true goal is to push the Narrator further down towards rock bottom and enlightenment. 67. The  Narrator  fights through the pain of the chemical burn on his hand. He begins to use guided meditation to escape from it. Tyler notices, telling him to come back to the pain. Tyler tells the Narrator that this is the greatest moment of the Narrator’s life. The Narrator imagines himself in Ireland, on a trip he took after he left college. During this trip he visited the Blarney Stone, but instead of kissing it, he urinated on it. This small act of rebellion, the Narrator thinks, might have been his first yearning for anarchy and chaos. 68. Tyler explains to the Narrator that in ancient history, human sacrifices were made on a hill overlooking a river. The bodies were burned in a pyre. The rain washed a thick discharge into the river. This was a lye solution. When people washed their clothes at this point in the river, they found that they became cleaner than usual. This led to the discovery of soap. Without these sacrifices, he says, we would have had no progress. 69. Tyler continues to stress that until the Narrator accepts his own mortality and how his sacrifice can help the greater good, he is of no use. First, he has to hit rock bottom. 70. The Narrator imagines himself back at the Blarney Stone site. He imagines himself urinating on the Stone, except that he is actually wetting his pants as he sits in front of Tyler. Tyler pours vinegar on the Narrator’s hand and neutralizes the lye. He tells the Narrator that he is one step closer to rock bottom. 71. Tyler says that it was right for those human sacrifices to have taken place because it allowed for progress. The first soap was made from the ashes of heroes. Because of their sacrifices, like the first monkeys shot into space, we have all benefited. 72. Chapter 10 73. This chapter finds both the Narrator and Tyler in an elevator working as waiters at a banquet. They are taking a buffet cart to a banquet. The Narrator stops the elevator so Tyler can urinate into a bisque. The Narrator lists a number of other occasions where he and Tyler have befouled food before serving it. 4. As the elevator stands locked in place, the Narrator describes the scene in the main banquet room. Here, the rich patrons (â€Å"the giants†) know the tip is included in the bill so they treat the wait staff poorly. They send back food for no reason at all, for example, just to see people run around to earn their money. 75. The Narrator then tells a story about a dinner party that Tyler worked in the past. During the party the hostess came into the kitchen holding a scrap of paper, her hand shaking, wanting to know if the waiters saw any of her guests go into her bedroom. They say they are only supposed to be in the kitchen, dining room, and the garage. The host appears and tells the hostess that everything will be alright. She drops the note and they return to the party. One of the other waiters asks what the note says. Without looking at it, Tyler says out loud â€Å"I have passed an amount of urine into at least one of your many elegant fragrances. † Tyler explains that he did not actually urinate in any of the bottles but that the hostess doesn’t know that. 76. The rest of the night Tyler makes sure to keep refilling the hostess’s glass. After the guests begin to leave, the other wait staff begin to question whether Tyler should have done that. The hostess has begun throwing all of the expensive perfume into the toilet and has cut herself accidentally on the broken bottles. She is waving a bottle around at her husband, accusing him of infidelity. Tyler reasons that this woman’s perfume collection costs more than any one of them will make in a year and that the perfume is made from whales. Most people, he says, have never even seen a whale. 77. Tyler finishes befouling the soup in the elevator and the two return to the party. 78. Chapter 11 9. On a Saturday night, the Narrator and Tyler are hiding out in the front seat of a 1968 Impala in a used-car lot. They are avoiding the house because Marla may be looking for them there. The Narrator explains that the Marla gave them a package containing liposuctioned fat that her mother had sent her. The fat was for a collagen lip injection. Tyler decided to use this fat to make soap, which was now selling very well to high class retail department stores. Tyler began sending Marla’s mother telegrams urging her to send Marla more fat. The Narrator says he was aware of Tyler’s plan but didn’t stop him. When Marla found out she threatened to call the police, so the two men decided it might be best to avoid the house for a while. 80. The Narrator laments not stepping in earlier to stop Tyler. Tyler reminds him that his life could be worse. 81. Chapter 12 82. Back at his job, the Narrator is visited by his boss while he sends out letters alerting owners of a defect in their cars. His boss holds up a piece of paper on which are typed the rules of fight club. The Narrator’s insomnia has returned and he has left the original he typed in the copy machine. Tyler has asked for him to type up the rules and make ten copies. 3. His boss is angry and asks the Narrator what he’s doing using office equipment for purposes unrelated to his job. He asks the Narrator what he would do in his position. The Narrator answers that he’d be very careful with that piece of paper. Whoever typed that, he tells his boss, is a dangerous and psychotic person who could go over the edge at any point and bring a semiautomatic rifle to work. The Narrator describes to his boss, in detail, how this person is probably spending his nights at home filing a cross into the tip of all of his rounds so they split upon impact, causing more damage to his victims. His boss is speechless. The Narrator recites the rules of fight club to him aloud. 84. In his head, the Narrator makes a list of all the defects in the cars his company manufactures; defects that cause serious injury and death to the occupants. His company has always denied any such knowledge. He snatches the paper out of his boss’s hand, giving him a paper-cut in the process. He tells his boss that the paper is not his, though it is completely apparent it is. 85. The Narrator goes to attend a support group meeting to find that only Big Bob is there. The Narrator asks him where everybody is. Bob answers that the group has disbanded but that he’s found a new group, only this group has rules and the first two rules are that you don’t talk about it. Bob proceeds to inform the Narrator about two separate fight clubs that meet on different nights at different locations. The Narrator has no knowledge of these other chapters. The Narrator reasons that Tyler is working most nights so who is running these other chapters? Big Bob asks the Narrator if he knows the man who invented fight club,  Tyler Durden. 86. Analysis 87. Tylers deliberate infliction of pain on the Narrator signals a shift in the extremity of his philosophy. After administering lye to the Narrators hand, Tyler presents a history of the origin of soap. Tyler advocates that human sacrifice is a noble and good thing, that it benefits the rest of the members of a society. Without this sacrifice, there cannot be any progress. Tylers aim in inflicting this pain on his friend is to make the inevitability of death a lucid and undeniable fact. We do not tend to go through our day-to-day lives thinking about how they will one day end. Tylers belief is that until we are strong enough to take this step, we cannot truly appreciate life. 88. To escape this pain, the Narrator harkens back in his mind to a memory of visiting the Blarney Stone in Ireland after he finished college. After getting drunk at a pub he goes to the site and urinates on the famous landmark instead of kissing it. It is, he discerns, his first act of rebellion, his first taste of chaos and anarchy. Palahniuk takes this opportunity to ridicule the rite of passage that so many privileged American college graduates take to find themselves. The Narrator is consciously aware of his status and how his American urine is too yellow and rich with vitamins. He doesnt want to kiss the Blarney Stone, he wants to destroy it and all it represents. Hundreds will come in the days after he visited it to place their lips on the Stone and kiss it for luck, an object he used as a toilet. He isnt looking for luck in what he feels is a mere tourist destination. 89. Tylers allegory about soap and human sacrifice suggests an ideology in which the loss of human life is necessary to bring about meaningful change. Tyler discusses how human sacrifice led to the advancement of soap and cleanliness, but this cleansing is not purely corporeal. Tyler uses many of the same ingredients used to make soap to make explosives. These explosives are intended for use in terrorist activities to topple the existing structure of civilization. This act is also a kind of cleansing which could exact its own toll on human life. These sacrificial victims could be his own followers as well as unsuspecting innocent bystanders. The extremism of Tylers ideology begins to take on fascist tendencies, but it can also be seen as a cautionary tale on the possible extremism of any ideology, regardless of where it falls on the political spectrum. 0. Palahniuks commentary on class distinction continues in the next chapter, where we see Tyler and the Narrator using their jobs as banquet waiters to befoul food before they serve it to their rich clientele. The homoerotic overtones in the novel also return in this scene as the Narrator watches Tyler unzip his pants and place his penis in a container of soup to urinate in it. Although Tyler asks him not to watch him, the Narrator describes how the sight of Tylers penis in the soup is humorous, like an elephant drinking while wearing a white shirt. 91. The Narrator describes the patrons themselves as rich people who are amused by the sight of others doing their bidding for money. While Palahniuks description of them certainly makes us sympathetic to Tyler and the Narrators antics, the story of a prank Tyler pulls at a dinner party is less amusing. In this scenario, Tyler leaves a note in a wealthy socialites bedroom, stating that he has urinated in at least one of her expensive perfume bottles. Although he has not done anything of the sort, he has convinced the woman that someone at her dinner party has done so. After ensuring that she has plenty to drink, Tyler is amused to hear that the woman has suffered a nervous breakdown and cut herself while disposing of all of her perfume. The other waitstaff feel that he might have gone too far. Tylers defense is that if they want to tell their boss, they can go ahead. He would rather get fired and have to make decisions instead of treading water like he has in his life. Tyler demonstrates no sympathy for this woman, whose life has become arguably just as much a cage as the lives of the wait staff she has employed. While Tylers actions may force her to question her priorities, his actions are still more destructive than they are helpful. The woman must go to the hospital to treat her cuts. To defend his actions, Tyler deflects any criticism by attacking the other waitstaff members for clinging to their jobs instead of making real decisions about their lives. Tyler employs this very technique at numerous times in the novel to convince others of his philosophy. 92. Tylers emerging darker side also seems to influence the Narrator. When his boss confronts him about the paper he finds in the copy machine, the Narrator launches into a chilling story, threatening his bosss life as well as the lives of everyone else he works with. His boss is stunned, completely unsure of how to act in the face of this behavior from an employee. The Narrator completely undermines his authority with this threat, sending a message to his boss that he will no longer be subject to the terms of the power structure that comprises their relationship. 93. Because his insomnia has returned, the Narrator returns to the support groups. His return to this old behavior suggests that fight club hasnt satisfied all his needs. The revelation that other fight club chapters exist and have been in operation without his knowledge lead him to question how his insomnia has been affecting him. Has he been awake or asleep? Is he awake now? Here, Palahniuk is foreshadowing the largest reveal in the novel. 94. Chapter 13 95. The  Narrator  goes to the Regent Hotel to see Marla after she calls him. She has found a lump in her breast and needs someone to look at it. She is willing to forgive the collagen incident if the Narrator will do this for her. 96. 97. Marla lies on her bed and the Narrator examines her. While he does this he relates a story of how he once had a genital wart removed when he was in college. The doctors used liquid nitrogen to remove it. They noticed a splotch on his right foot, which they thought was similar to the marks of a new cancer that was afflicted gay men. He tells them it is just a birthmark, much to their disappointment. Still, whenever his foot is exposed, such as when he is at the beach, he covers the birthmark. He doesnt want people to think he might be dying of cancer. He tells Marla amusing stories about his grandparents and their relationship. He says he wants to try to get her to laugh and cheer her up. He decides not to tell her about the last time he spoke to  Chloe  and how she looked at the time. 98. Chapter 14 99. The Narrator gives us background information on Marla. After finding the first lump, she went to a clinic. The depressing atmosphere at the clinic convinced her she no longer wanted to know about the lump. After finding a second lump, she began attending the support groups. The Narrator explains that Marla is destitute and has no health insurance. After deciding that she didn’t want to know if she was going to die, she began working at a funeral home. She began going to the support groups to be around other human butt wipe. It helped to see other people with much larger problems than hers. Some of these people that she met died. Marla tells the Narrator that she would get phone calls from dead people. The phone would ring and no one would be on the other end. 100. A detective from the arson unit at the police department calls the house to ask about the condominium explosion. The detective suspects that the explosives used were homemade. While the detective speaks to the Narrator, Tyler stands next to him, whispering his philosophy into the Narrator’s ear. The detective asks questions that suggest that the police suspect the Narrator of destroying his own condominium. The detective tells him not to leave town. 101. Chapter 15 102. Tyler and the Narrator begin blackmailing their bosses to keep paying them under the threat of making their antics as a projectionist and banquet waiters public. Tyler goes to the projectionist union and the Narrator confronts the manager of the Pressman Hotel. Both men confess what they’ve been doing and both stress that they have nothing to lose. The union president beats Tyler up when he hears what Tyler has been splicing pornography into films. The Narrator beats himself to a pulp in front of the manager of the Pressman Hotel. They both threaten to go public if they do not continue to receive regular paychecks. As the Narrator is covered in blood and pleading with the manager to give in to his demands, the security guards he called enter to see their boss standing over a beaten man. 103. Chapter 16 104. The Narrator discusses acts of vandalism that have been occurring around the city and are being reported in the news. He wonders if they are part of Project Mayhem. The Narrator explains that Project Mayhem has committees that met on different nights of the week.

Not only Holmes Review Essay Example

Not only Holmes Review Paper Essay on Not only Holmes A unique book. In addition to the stunning design: simulates the skin of red root, with like have carved golden letters on the book emblazoned sign: Sherlock Holmes is prohibited! Name eloquently states that it is not the territory Holmes. This the territory without the usual detective character To begin with, that this book is, to some extent, is a study equipped with detective novels of the Victorian era and laid out to the readers Unique Articles A.Borisenko under.. called Victorian detective be preceded by the main action is extremely interesting. The founder of the detective genre is considered to be Edgar Allan Poe. In published in 1841, Murders in the Rue Morgue, he brought to the readers Auguste Dupin, the detective with extraordinary analytical skills Borges argues that the breed a new type of reader -. Detektivov.Prakticheski reader all Roma based on the real stories of high-profile crimes. According to information on its just a couple of pages from the huge Talmud, this anthology of detective. Next Borisenko, and it was all there is not one, but together with accomplices with Philology of Moscow State University offer a whole study on the development of the detective genre. We will write a custom essay sample on Not only Holmes Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Not only Holmes Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Not only Holmes Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer By the way, the term detective was coined by American writer Anna Katharine Green, since 1879 has published dozens of detective novels, in addition, she became the first woman made famous by composing detective stories. After reading the history of the genre, the authors of the book, offered to get acquainted with the work of the twenty-three authors to publish about 1860 g.Pered to 1950. Each story is proposed biography of the author and a portrait. A number of stories are provided with a black-and-white illustrations. Now separately about the published stories. Frankly, I come across such, from which just wanted to howl. Proposed subjects suggests that in that epoch men were thoughtless and hopelessly stupid. But it is only those germs of the Victorian era. With the development of the genre, stories became more elaborate, sophisticated criminals increased, and it became more fun to read. The book ends with another study on Police and detectives in England and America ​​in the Victorian period. It is further proposed table by conversion of weights and measures, and closes the five hundred and seventy-five-page work glossary with 49 drawings of various characteristic of the Victorian era items, designs, with explanations and information about them To purchase:. true lovers of detective stories. Because, first of all, this book is all the same study, immersion in a bygone era, the observation of manners. Part of the story is obsolete, the killing methods vyzyvut wonder, why it was so excel Do not acquire:? Those who suddenly wanted to replace Jean-Krisofa Granger and Fred Vargas on something new. Because in the first place its not a detective, a book about the mysteries .

Technetium Essay Example For Students

Technetium Essay TechnetiumNalin BalanNUCL 200Paper due 02/07/97Atomic Number: 43Atomic Symbol: TcAtomic Weight: (97)Electron Configuration: -18-13-2History, Properties and Uses:(Gr. technetos, artificial) Element 43 was predicted on the basis of theperiodi c table, and was erroneously reported as having been discovered in 1925,at which time it was named masurium. The element was actually discovered byPerrier and Segre in Italy in 1937. It was found in a sample of molybdenum,which was bombarded by deut erons in the Berkeley cyclotron, and which E. Lawrence sent to these investigators. Technetium was the first element to be produced artificially. Since itsdiscovery, searches for the element in terrestrial material have been madewithout s uccess. If it does exist, the concentration must be very small. We will write a custom essay on Technetium specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Technetium has been found in the spectrum of S-, M-, and N-type stars, and itsresence in stellar matter is leading to new theories of the production of heavyelements in the stars. Nineteen isotopes of technetium, with atomic massesranging from 90 to 108, are known. 97Tc has a half-life of 2.6 x 10^6 years. 98Tc has a half-life of 4.2 x 10^6 years. The isomeric isotope 95mTc, with ahalf-life of 61 days, is useful for tracer work, as it produces energeticgamma rays. Technetium metal has been produced in kilogram quantities. The metalwas first prepared by passing hydrogen gas at 1100C over Tc2S7. It is nowconveniently prepared by the reduction of ammonium pertechnetate with hydrogen. Techne tium is a silvery-gray metal that tarnishes slowly in moist air. Until1960, techne tium was available only in small amounts and the price was as highas $2800/g. It is now commercially available to holders of O.R.N.L. permits at aprice of $60/g. The chemistry of technetium is said to be similar to that ofrhenium. Technetium dissolves in nitric acid, aqua regia, and conc. sulfuricacid, but is not soluble in hydrochloric acid of any strength. The element is aremarkable corrosion inhibitor for steel. It is reported aerated distilled water at temperatures up to 250C. Thiscorrrosion protection is limited to closed systems, since technetium isradioative and must be confined. 98Tc has a specific activity of 6.2 x 10^8 Bq/g. Activity of this level must not be allowed to spread. 99Tc is a contaminationhazard and should be handled in a glove box. The metal is an excellentsuperconductor at 11K and below. Source:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 1913-1995. David R. Lide, Editorin Chief. Author: C.R. Hammond

PROGRAM KERJA Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

PROGRAM KERJA Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers PROGRAM KERJA PROGRAM SEKOLAH SEHAT, AMAN, RAMAH ANAK, DAN MENYENANGKAN Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) SMP NEGERI 6 PEMULUTAN DINAS PENDIDIKAN KABUPATEN OGAN ILIR TAHUN 2015 - 2016 PROGRAM KERJA LEMBAR PENGESAHAN PROGRAM SEKOLAH SEHAT, AMAN, RAMAH ANAK, DAN MENYENANGKAN SMP NEGERI 6 PEMULUTAN TAHUN 2015 - 2016 Disusun oleh: Ketua Komite Sekolah Kepala SMP N 6 Pemulutan Penanggungjawab Program Mulkan, S.Pd. Drs. Jop Ginting NIP. NIP. 196610201998021001 Mengesahkan a.n. Kepala Dinas Pendidikan Kab. Ogan Ilir u.b. Kabid SMP/SMA/SMK Kasi Kurikulum Marsudi, S.Pd., M.M. Pembina NIP. 196702031991031005 RENCANA KEGIATAN PENGEMBANGAN SEKOLAH SEHAT, AMAN, RAMAH ANAK, DAN MENYENANGKAN A. LATAR BELAKANG Sekolah adalah rumah kedua bagi anak. Di tempat inilah orang tua mempercayakan anak-anaknya untuk di didik menjadi orang-orang yang sukses dan bermanfaat bagi agama, orang tua, masyarakat, bangsa dan negara. Sejuta impian orang tua untuk masa depan anak-anaknya diserahkan kepada sekolah. Bagaimanapun, sekolah merupakan tempat terbaik selain di rumah untuk proses perkembangan anak. Tidak heran jika gerakan membangun sekolah pada hakikatnya adalah upaya membangun generasi emas, unggul secara akademis maupun non akademis. Pendidikan sebagai upaya dalam membentuk manusia Indonesia seutuhnya adalah mutlak keberadaannya. Suatu bangsa tidak akan pernah bisa melepaskan atau mengabaikan masalah pendidikan. Artinya Pendidikan sangat penting dalam membawa suatu bangsa menuju kejayaan, keberadaban dan kemuliaan. Sebagai wujud tanggung jawab pendidik terhadap generasi yang akan datang, sepantasnyalah perlu memberikan teladan serta pendidikan yang baik dan bertanggung jawab. Saat ini dunia seakan khawatir dengan kondisi alam yang sangat mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup makhluk yang ada di muka bumi. Dunia telah berubah dengan adanya kemajuan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang membawa dampak terhadap lingkungan hidup. Eksploitasi sumber daya alam secara besar-besaran telah membawa dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan hidup. Banjir, tanah longsor, kekeringan, pemanasan global, dan masih banyak lagi peristiwa-peristiwa alam sebagai akibat dari kecerobohan manusia dalam berperilaku yang tidak peduli lingkungan. Atas dasar itulah pemerintah RI terus berupaya mengembalikan fungsi sekolah pada khitahnya, yakni sebagai tempat yang menyenangkan, sehat, aman, dan ramah bagi siapa saja. Sekolah harus terus didorong menjadi tempat mengasah, mengasih, dan mengasuh peserta didik. Sekolah pula harus didorong untuk terus memperbaiki diri dalam upaya memaksimalkan fungsinya sebagai ruang belajar dan wahana interaksi berbagai manusia dengan budaya dan agama yang berbeda, sehingga sekolah benar-benar menjadi tempat yang mampu menampung semua elemen tanpa memandang status agama, ras, budaya, status sosial, status ekonomi, dan jenis kecerdasan ataupun kemampuan yang dimiliki peserta didik. Jika demikian, maka sekolah akan menjadi rumah yang menyenangkan; guru-guru akan menjadi orang tua yang baik yang selalu dirindukan kehadirannya; sedangkan peserta didik menjadi anak yang seallu merindukan sekolah dan kehadiran para guru dan warga sekolah lainnya. Upaya untuk mengajak dan mengembaikan fungsi sekolah secara hakiki ini dapat disebut sebagai gerakan pencerahan, selain dimulai dari dunia pendidikan juga memiliki visi besar membangun peradaban bangsa Indonesia. Dengan begitu upaya mengembalikan hakiki sekolah dapat dimulai dengan Gerakan Sekolah Sehat, Aman, Ramah Anak, dan Menyenangkan. Menyadari hal tersebut, gerakan ini perlu dilaksanakan di sekolah-sekolah dengan mengandalkan partisipasi warga sekolah. Agar gerakan ini dapat terlaksana secara terkoordinasi, dan dapat mencapai sasaran dan tujuan yang diharapkan, maka perlu disusun sebuah program kerja sebagai acuan kerja warga sekolah khususnya, dan pihak-pihak lain yang terkait khususnya pemangku kepentingan yang peduli terhadap kemajuan sekolah. B. DASAR HUKUM Landasan hukum kegiatan ini adalah: Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 Tahun 2013 tentang Perubahan atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 Tahun 2005 tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 48 Tahun 2008 tentang Pendanaan Pendidikan. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2010 tentang Pengelolaan dan Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2010 tentang Pengelolaan dan Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan. Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Nomor 39 Tahun 2008, tentang Pembinaan Kesiswaan. C. TUJUAN / MANFAAT Maksud kegiatan ini adalah dalam rangka menyebarluaskan pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan langkah-langkah dalam menyelenggarakan gerakan sekolah yang sehat, aman, ramah anak, dan menyenangkan. Secara khusus tujuan dari gerakan ini adalah sebagai berikut: Membantu warga sekolah dan warga sekitar sekolah dalam memahami berbagai informasi tentang gerakan sekolah sehat, aman, ramah anak, dan menyenangkan. Membantu warga sekolah dan warga sekitar sekolah dalam memahami cara menyusun dan melaksanakan rencana kegiatan Gerakan tersebut di sekolah masing-masing. Membantu warga sekolah dan warga sekitar sekolah dalam memahami dan menguasai cara melaksanakan evaluasi dan pelaporan pelaksanaan kegiatan. Membantu warga sekolah untuk memahami tentang hal-hal yang harus dipenuhi, dijamin dan perlindungan yang harus diberikan kepada siswa. Mengetahui

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

Compare and contrast - Essay Example This has prompted students to design ways of â€Å"surviving the cut† through developing unique architectural designs and concepts that will sell in the market. This starts with the student developing a well outlined thesis topic then developing that thesis to good and sellable project. The paper, therefore, focuses on comparing and contrasting two theses for architectural designs. The major similarities that the two theses designs exhibit are the separation of concerns and locality. The designs separate independent parts of the system and avoid redundant representation of the information. That is, a critical look of the two designs; you can easily tell what they are presenting if you have the architectural skills and knowledge. Both the models provide ways to decompose the system into one or more parts that localize decisions that are vital to the art of model development. In addition, these two models share the same concept in that they are all object-oriented designs. This is because they focus on real world entities as opposed to focusing on internal relation or operation sequencing. The locality of these two designs hides the decision most likely to be changed. Finally, interpretation also exhibits the similarities between the two models. That is, the models cannot be directly interpreted but rather indirectly interpreted. 2. Communicating process. Communication is a vital role that models play in conveying the message carried out by the resultant system. Therefore, it is easier to interpret the message of a simple model as compared to a complex model. Communication process characterizes the difference in the two models. Thesis 7A exhibit implicit invocation. This is because it carries a collection of components that are part of operation that forms the part of the ultimate system. It is worth noting that the components of the thesis 7A

Public Relation Writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Public Relation Writing - Assignment Example ‘Fake news’ items are deliberate hoax stories intended for public relations and may not necessarily be true or entirely true; they are meant to sway public opinions concerning certain individuals, businesses, products or firms, among others. For instance, an example of a news item that could pass for a fake news item is from the Washington post as reported on sixth of June 2013 concerning how Wells Fargo settled complaint on foreclosed homes (Douglas). This news article is clearly a ‘fake’ news article passed on through the newspaper as a PR stunt, to market the corporate to the public; the anticipated positive feedback from such a news item is good for business at the company. This news item strikes as fake news because it is only reporting the positive deeds by Wells Fargo in terms of settling the allegations of foreclosed homes, while vindicating the company from any blame. Q.2 Newspapers often localize some of their news items to particular audiences in particular places such as cities and towns; the Washington post as published on sixth of June 2013 has various news items that have been localized to certain audiences. For instance, the Philadelphia story about the six people that were killed when a building that was being demolished collapsed on Wednesday is an example of a national story (Associated Press). This particular news item is a national story that has been localized for people of Philadelphia because it directly concerns their state, and not any other in America. The news item begins with a headline that mentions the state of Philadelphia, then presenting the news; this tagging of news indicates that the news concerns Philadelphia in particular. The news mentions the families of the six victims that perished in the building that collapsed and efforts made to reach them in consolation for the loss of their loved ones. Q.3 The Washington post as published on sixth of June 2013 reports of the use of social media by the Nat ional Security Agency to collect secret information from around the world. The National Security Agency gathers information from social sites and service providers such as Google, Microsoft, Yahoo, Facebook, PalTalk, Skype, YouTube and Apple, among others (Gellman). The use of social media is an effective way of gathering information that is vital for maintaining national security, and according to the Director of National Intelligence James Clapper, the information collected is the most valuable and important foreign intelligence. Q.4 Hard news stories in newspapers are mostly about topics such as politics, business and international news; however, some heavily reported news stories about what can be considered soft subject matter such as entertainment can be considered hard news. In this regard, the seriousness of the story reported in newspapers may determine whether it can be considered hard or soft news; from the Washington post as published on sixth of June 2013, there are var ious hard news stories. For instance, what can be considered as a hard news story is the story about Romney mixing business and politics in his tour to the Park City during the Uttah conference (Horowitz). The news story provides details of Romney’s interactions with John Schoenfeld who spent time assessing investments of Solamere Capital, a company co-founded by Romney’

Frank Norris’ work “Vandover and the Brute” Essay Example for Free

Frank Norris’ work â€Å"Vandover and the Brute† Essay The development of sexuality in Frank Norris’ work â€Å"Vandover and the Brute† is an interesting reflection of the Puritanical views that Americans have towards sexuality, promiscuity and the consequences thereof. The importance of this book is that it openly examined this value system in 1914, a time when Vandover’s behavior, even without the lycanthropy, was considered brutish and improper. Yet the American environment was in the midst of the first â€Å"sexual† revolution as many young women of the 1920s would don clothing that revealed their flesh and boyish haircuts for the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Again in the 1960s, the next major era of women’s rights movements, sexuality would be tied to freedom and women would equate burning their bras and free love with freedom and independence. This book then is a look at how a young man might acquire the values of the community around him without ever being taught directly that sex is dirty and that women are somehow degraded when they participate in it. The interesting thing about Norris’ work, which was published after his death, is that Vandover managed to acquire these misguided notions of sexuality on his own. In the first chapter, the author points out that during his adolescent years Vandover’s only female contact was with the housekeeper with whom he was constantly at odds. In addition, because his father would not discuss sexuality with him, he was forced to turn to an Encyclopedia Britannica to answers his questions about women and sex. He was subjected to the crude jokes and unconscious sexual immaturity of boys going through puberty, but without a mother, governess or other strong feminine influence to teach him right from wrong. Indeed, if one assumes that the author was in fact trying to make a statement about society rather than just tell a story about a maladjusted young man in the late 19th century, it becomes clear from the very first chapters that one of Norris’ indictments is against Vandover’s father and his unwillingness to talk to his son about the facts of life. In dead, one of the underlying themes through the entire work is the idea that people only hint at their feelings and do not openly discuss the sexual nature of humanity even though it is a significant portion of their lives. One of the most interesting facets of this book is the discussion of Vandover’s first sexual encounter and his embarrassment and guilt over it. If the situation had perhaps been handled with some amount of discussion, it might have prevented the events that would later occur, including Vandover’s seduction of a â€Å"good girl†, her subsequent suicide, and his eventuality degradation to gambling and alcoholism. The author’s message that society needs to quit hiding its own nature and covering for the high class when they engage in reckless behavior is evident mid-book when Haight explains to Vandover that several of the young, classy women at a cotillion were drunk. Haight tells his friends that society should call a spade a spade and that when women of class drink too much they should be considered drunk as much as any man. This dual criticism of the means by which people receive a sexual education and the double-standards applied to men and women is perhaps the most interesting passage in the book. Another interesting idea that Norris sets forth through the theme of the book and the story itself is that Vandover’s sexuality and promisecuity are to blame for the turn of events for him, including the loss of his family fortune and his new role as a werewolf. Interestingly, rather than approaching the concept that Vandover’s situation might be a result of his addictive behavior including his sexually predatory nature, his alcoholism and his gambling addiction, the reader is left with the idea that the bad things which happen to him are consequences of his sexuality alone. Though Norris portrays Vandover throughout the novel as a weak-willed individual who is too lazy to work hard and get what he wants out of life, everything in his life is blamed on his sexuality and his desire for women of a certain type. The fact that Vandover does not settle down with a fine, upstanding woman, regardless of his feelings for her is seen as an affront to society as a whole. The most important messages about sexuality that are relayed via â€Å"Vandover and The Brute† are the concepts that sexuality exists as it does because people don’t talk about it and that there are consequences for sexual behavior. The first concept is perhaps the most intriguing because it still applies now, almost 100 years later. Though we do not have the same level of closed-mouth attitudes toward sex as Vandover encountered, it is not uncommon even in the modern day to find parents of high school students who do not want their children exposed to sex education for fear that the education will lead to promiscuity. Instead of teaching real information regarding the dangers, both physical and emotional, of beginning a sexual relationship at the wrong time, too many parents concentrate on the Puritanical approach to sex education, associating it with guilt and sin. Young people are not properly educated regarding the safety issues of sex and sexually transmitted diseases continue at epidemic levels when they could be prevented with adequate discussion of the topic. Ironically, as we approach the 100-year mark for the publication, Norris’ primary criticism of the teaching of sexuality still stands today.

Assessing The Performance Of Small Business Enterprises Commerce Essay

Assessing The Performance Of Small Business Enterprises Commerce Essay Small business enterprises are managed by the proprietor and the small enterprises settle on the wealth of a country. Small enterprises make extra job. In the start small enterprises resist to execute well as of need of skill and need of preparation. SBEs frequently create their trade in four category of souk, those are transaction, wholesaling, check if and developed. At the similar occasion there are so numerous challenge that small business enterprises have to features. If there is a slump, the banks will not advance cash, they cannot increase the trade and they have to use the coins minerals. Some owner takes up their relatives member so that they cannot rest rotten team. Normally there is an additional dare that the small enterprises visage is the wealth. Often they face hitches in raise finance when they open the business. If an industry to be winning, the organization must be fine. As Jerrys notice to the commerce is scarce, he has to employ superstar to run the company. As a boss, the being who undertake the duty should be clever to do preparation, jealous and organising. The major reason for the breakdown of the commerce is need of preparation. This will be determined by put superstar to mange. The moment topic is that the venture has no correct arrangement. Organisational association is the input craze for the victory. If there is no arrangement, the inter-relationship will not be fit distinct. This will be attributable for confusions inside the venture. When there is a arrangement, the workers will interrelate with every other according to that. One of the workers should be in accuse of day to day performance and all the performance should have the books, so that if there is any error, the organization will approach to recognize. The duty has to be kaput down into sector and given to suitable department. Every section should have a boss to direct the workers. All the employees errands and errands should be fined distinct. When the workers are agreed with convinced tasks, they will be enthused, so that the work income speed will go downwards. In order to inspire the workforce, the organization should prize them for their achievement and provide them the credit. They have to believe about the decrease of their possessions and property. By implement all of these data; Jerry can defeat the here state. Even while the sales are rising, the cash flow of the business is less than future. It illustrate that the charge is too high. The running should look for the probable habits to remain the rate downhill. An organisations goal must be to lessen cost and exploit revenue. If they be the rate down, the company will be rewarding. The company have to reject borrow wealth from the banks, so that they would not need to forfeit awareness for the currency that the banks borrow them. How would you review the performance of his business? (1b) In direct to reconsider the presentation of the industry, the work revenue, cash run and sale should be measured. If the work earnings rate is elevated, we can approach to a close that the workforce is not enthused or the work is not attractive. In command to inspire the workers, they should be known with some amount of gratitude and everyday jobs. The organization has loyal some mistake in recruit individuals and charitable them the fitting roles. As a result the workers are not stimulated and that has augmented the struggle earnings. The proprietor and the organization of the corporation have botched to diagram correctly when they begin the company. They have not adopted an organisational arrangement which is a necessary feature of the running. If they had adopted an arrangement, they would have been clever to make the most of their workers. We can review the act by consider the money flood as well. According to the point those are prearranged; the coins flow was awfully fewer. If this ruins, the troupe will face need of cash liquidity. It will formulate a force on fertility. This may pilot them to close the exchange. The fee is too tall and it has through a force on the cash flow. The cost is too high since the concern has lent too many workers. The recital of the business is deprived so distant, because of the neglectful of the running and the employees. They have not capitalised in key subject and which has lead the concern to a tricky state. The sales is rising, from this we can approach to an end that the souk is beautiful. If the business capitalises in its advertising, it can get better on its recital. Help Jerry identify his companys strengths and weaknesses. (1c) SWOT analysis of Zenith healthcare SWOT analysis is used to review the internal aspects of an organisation. By analysing the internal aspects of a business, present position of the company can be identified and the solutions to increase the performance will be taken. S stands for strengths, W stands for weaknesses, O stands for opportunity, and T stands for threats. The positive factors that help the performance of the business are the strengths of that business. Weaknesses are the factors that draw the company back and lead to poor performance. The potential chances to improve the business are opportunities. Threats are the factors which will affect the performance of the company. Strengths Sales are increasing and it illustrates that the business has a good demand among the public. This is strength to the company and it can capitalise on this. It is quite easy to the company to increase the sales further by implementing good marketing strategies. They can advertise the services by using TV, radio, news paper and internet, so that they can make an awareness of the products and services among the public. They have got competent staff in the company. Even though this is a good strength, the company is unable to get the full benefit of this as they do not have a proper structure. Because of having competent staff, the company can achieve the goals easily if they handle the staff well. The owner has good experience in this field as he has been working for NHS. This will strengthen the performance of the company to some extent. Weaknesses The company does not have proper plans and structure. These are the main weaknesses of the company. If there is no planning they cannot conduct the business successfully. Planning is the essential aspect in management and it is the key for the success. They have to estimate the resources that they need to conduct the customer service in a preferable way as a service providing establishment. Organisational structure is the base for the inter-relationship and it determines the performance. If there is no a certain structure there will be plenty of confusions, and the company cannot build the relationship among the employees. Cash flow of the company is less. It means that the transactions are not taking place in a regular basis. The cost is too high, so that the profit will be less. They are unable to keep the cost down. This is also a weakness of the company. This happened because of the lack of attention to the business by the administration. They have hired too many employees and it has a great impact on their cost. The lack in formal qualifications of the employees also will make an adverse impact on their performance to some extent. Opportunities New organisations hesitate to get into this market to establish their business. This is a great opportunity to the company to capitalise on the market. They have enough sales and that provides them an opportunity to make more profit by keeping the cost down. Threats The competition in the market is increasing and some new companies are embarking into the market. If the company fails to do a good marketing, they will lose the sales. In order to overcome this, they have to implement some marketing strategies. Net profit of the company is going down and this may lead the company to further troubles. In order to increase their net profit, they can refrain from borrowing money from the creditors and the banks. They have to make sure that there are no unnecessary expenditures. These are the threats that the company has. Recommended plans to capitalise on the companys strengths, and overcome its weakness. The ways to capitalise on the strengths To maintain and improve the sales, the company has to implement some marketing strategies. They have to advertise and make the public aware of the business. The company should provide a good service to the customers and carry the after sales service well. This will attract the customers and make them stick with the company. At the same time, the recognition that the company gains will help them to compete with the competitors even the competition goes up. If the owner pays enough attention to the business, he can improve his business as he got some experience in this field. Plans to overcome the weaknesses If the company adopts a suitable organisational structure, they can take the full advantage of having competent staff. They have to define the tasks of each employee to get the employees motivated. It is better to have a flat structure which will enable good communication within the organisation. It will also help to get the feedbacks in a quick time. In order to motivate the employees, the company can take some actions such as rewarding them when they succeed and, giving them responsibilities and recognition. When the new employees join the company, the company must provide them proper training, so that they will come to know about the work processes in a quick time. They have to lay off some of the employees who are not effective, so that they will be able to bring the cost down. It will improve their cash flow. They have to repay whatever they owe in the correct period of time and, they have to get the money from their debtors on time. These factors will also improve the cash flow. Jerry has bought you a one-week, return ticket to his holiday home in Florida. He wants you to help him investigate ways in which the business existing performance could be maintained and strengthened (2b). In order to maintain and strengthen the performance, the owner should review the business often and if he finds any errors, he should fix them. Meetings should be held often and the opinions of everyone should be considered. They must let every now about what happens by providing minutes. As a small business enterprise, it would be preferable to adopt flat structure. They should make sure that a good communication exists within the organisation. They can provide proper training to the employees and assign them suitable tasks. The company has to lay off some of their employees who are not effective or necessary. As a service providing company, they have to mainly focus on customer service. They can use some new technologies to expedite their service and get them effective. They can do the segmentation and target a particular sector to succeed in the market. They can advertise the service on TV, Radio, News paper and Internet. While you are with Jerry, could you also suggest new areas in which his business could be expanded? (2c) Introduction If the business is to be expanded, they can open a new branch where the company can make more profit. When they choose the place where they open the new branch, the management must consider whether the place can be accessed easily. They have to consider about the transportation factors of that particular area where the company will establish its new branch. When the company establish its business in a new area they will have to analyse the following factors. Political factors When they establish their business in a new area, they should make sure that the political situation in that area is conducive for the business. If there is terrorism or political instability in that particular area, it is better to refrain from establishing the business there as it will be much harder to conduct the business successfully in such an area. The company will have to take taxation issues in consideration as well. In some areas the taxations will be too high. They will have to avoid those places if there is not a good market. Economical factors When they open a new branch, they must make sure that the people in that area have the power to buy their goods or services. If the people have the power to buy, the company is going to have a good market. Social factors As a healthcare probably they would not need to analyse the social factors as everybody has to consult healthcare centres. Technological factors They have to consider whether they can have a good internet service in that particular area over which they can operate their business in a quick time. The company must have a network within the establishment as they will have to share everything with their staff. They will have to make sure that they will be able to get competitive advantages by using technologies such as TV and Radio. The message that they convey over those technical factors should reach the public. You realise that the moment has arrive where it would be appropriate for Jerry to review his existing business objectives and plans. Using your initiative, help your friend outline those key areas where attention should be given (3a). Key areas where the attention should be given Cost of products and service (improve the cash inflow) Human resources management (motivating employees and setting objectives to them) Marketing (Advertising and maintaining the sales) Customer service Planning and organising Organisational structure Above mentioned factors deserve some degree of attention and the management should pay their attention to those areas in order to improve the performance of the business. Accordingly, prepare action plans to implement changes (3c). In all the stages of the business, a company needs to make decisions. In that process, companies break down their tasks into small steps and do the planning to accomplish those tasks. The plans which are taken in this process are the action plans. A company may have several goals. Those goals should be broken down and each action should have a timescale. What actions you will take? How you will take action? Who or what will help you? Why you might not take action? When you will take action? Managers of the company should answer these questions when they plan to take actions. The planning process can be broken down into three steps. Understanding where the business is in the present Deciding where should it be Planning how to get there When preparing action plans the following aspects must be considered. Objectives what is the purpose of the action? Priorities whether or not the issue need attention immediately Benefits how the stakeholders are going to be benefitted by the action? Timescales and milestones consider when the action should be taken and the constraints of it. Financial and other resources the cost of the action should be taken into consideration. Responsibilities consider who will take the responsibility of the implementation of the action. Measuring success what will ensure your objectives are achieved and what will you use to measure the outcomes? Action plans to Zenith healthcare Actions to be taken Improve on the customer service Develop an organisational structure Develop marketing strategies Motivate employees Offer training to staff Reduce cost Improve the cash flow Develop the communication within the company Help Jerry assess the possible impact of changes on the business and his management team (4a). They can improve the customer service by expediting the service. In order to do this they have to improve their technology. The company will have to send money on buying new technical equipments. The company should adopt flat structure as a small business enterprise. In order to do this they will have to define the tasks of each employee and develop a culture. When this has been done, all the activities will be systematic. They can develop their marketing strategies by doing segmentation, advertising and promoting. This will let them to gain competitive advantages. The company has to motivate their employees by giving them recognition, rewarding for success and letting them contribute in decisions making. If the employees are motivated, they will do what they are supposed to do with determination. They have to let the new employees undergo a training program, so that it will not take much time to them to identify their roles and responsibilities. The company will have to improve the cash flow and which can be done by paying off creditors, get the money from debtors, reducing cost and maintaining stock. To get the money back from the debtors within the time, the company can give some discounts. In order to reduce cost, they should review all the processes and eliminate unnecessary expenditures. They can maintain the stock by carrying stock taking, also they can recognise the items which do not move and avoid stocking them. They should develop communication within the organisation by conducting meeting often and providing minutes to all of their stake holders. They can use the technology to build a network within the organisation and let the employees to access it. These actions will be helpful to get the feedback as well. Explain to Jerry how the implementation of changes should be managed (4b). Managing changes When a company brings up the changes to its managerial approaches, the management of the company should be particular about that. In the event, the changes have not been properly implemented those changes will push the company into severe difficulties instead of leading to success. In order to make the changes successful, the management has to monitor all the activities closely and carefully. Another important thing when a company brings up the changes is making the stake holders well aware of the purposes of the changes. This will alleviate confusions and conflicts. Team leaders should have the power to influence the employees and convince them of the importance of the changes. Some employees may misinterpret the actions and they may oppose them. Management has to make everyone understand the facts. Jerry is worried that the change process could go wrong. To assuage his fears, explain to Jerry how possible it would be to monitor changes in improvements and performance (4c). The changes should be brought to the business in order to improve on several aspects of business. It is quite compulsory to a business to change the strategies to withstand the fast changing environment. In the event the changes are implemented properly and monitored well, the management has no need to bother about the changes.